https://www.taxtmi.com/caselaws?id=272700 The presumption of consideration under section 118 of the Negotiable Instruments Act is a rebuttable presumption of law, and the defendant may displace it on a preponderance of probabilities. Rebuttal may be shown by direct evidence, circumstantial material, or other presumptions; the defendant need not disprove every possible form of consideration with absolute certainty. Once the defendant shows the absence of consideration to be probable on the totality of the evidence, the evidential burden shifts back to the plaintiff, and the statutory presumption ceases to operate. The presumption does not survive merely because both parties' versions are disbelieved. en-us Mon, 08 Dec 1986 00:00:00 +0530 Mon, 14 May 2018 12:21:23 +0530 TaxTMI RSS Generator https://www.taxtmi.com/caselaws?id=272700 The presumption of consideration under section 118 of the Negotiable Instruments Act is a rebuttable presumption of law, and the defendant may displace it on a preponderance of probabilities. Rebuttal may be shown by direct evidence, circumstantial material, or other presumptions; the defendant need not disprove every possible form of consideration with absolute certainty. Once the defendant shows the absence of consideration to be probable on the totality of the evidence, the evidential burden shifts back to the plaintiff, and the statutory presumption ceases to operate. The presumption does not survive merely because both parties' versions are disbelieved. Case-Laws Indian Laws Mon, 08 Dec 1986 00:00:00 +0530 https://www.taxtmi.com/caselaws?id=272700