https://www.taxtmi.com/caselaws?id=169431 An arbitrator appointed under section 10A of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, on voluntary reference by the parties, is not a tribunal within Article 136(1). Although the award has statutory recognition and the proceedings are regulated by the Act and rules, the arbitrator's authority comes from the parties' agreement, not from a State conferment of inherent judicial power. The decisive test is whether the body is constituted by the State and exercises that power. Because that test is not met, the arbitrator does not fall within the tribunals contemplated by Article 136(1), and special leave appeals are incompetent. en-us Thu, 18 Oct 1962 00:00:00 +0530 Mon, 20 Apr 2015 15:27:45 +0530 TaxTMI RSS Generator https://www.taxtmi.com/caselaws?id=169431 An arbitrator appointed under section 10A of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, on voluntary reference by the parties, is not a tribunal within Article 136(1). Although the award has statutory recognition and the proceedings are regulated by the Act and rules, the arbitrator's authority comes from the parties' agreement, not from a State conferment of inherent judicial power. The decisive test is whether the body is constituted by the State and exercises that power. Because that test is not met, the arbitrator does not fall within the tribunals contemplated by Article 136(1), and special leave appeals are incompetent. Case-Laws Indian Laws Thu, 18 Oct 1962 00:00:00 +0530 https://www.taxtmi.com/caselaws?id=169431