https://www.taxtmi.com/caselaws?id=101496 The expression "whoever" in section 23(1) of the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1947 was construed in its plain and natural sense to include a partnership firm, so the firm could be proceeded against for contravention of section 12(2) relating to repatriation of foreign exchange. The amended adjudication machinery under section 23(1) read with section 23C was treated as procedural, and therefore capable of applying to contraventions committed before the amendment came into force, because no vested right exists in a particular forum or mode of adjudication. On that basis, liability and penalty were sustained. en-us Fri, 01 May 1987 00:00:00 +0530 Wed, 23 Oct 2013 11:32:00 +0530 TaxTMI RSS Generator https://www.taxtmi.com/caselaws?id=101496 The expression "whoever" in section 23(1) of the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1947 was construed in its plain and natural sense to include a partnership firm, so the firm could be proceeded against for contravention of section 12(2) relating to repatriation of foreign exchange. The amended adjudication machinery under section 23(1) read with section 23C was treated as procedural, and therefore capable of applying to contraventions committed before the amendment came into force, because no vested right exists in a particular forum or mode of adjudication. On that basis, liability and penalty were sustained. Case-Laws FEMA Fri, 01 May 1987 00:00:00 +0530 https://www.taxtmi.com/caselaws?id=101496