Equity savings deduction for new retail investors enabling tax benefit subject to demat account compliance and lock-in rules. The Rajiv Gandhi Equity Savings Scheme, 2012 permits a tax deduction under section 80CCG for qualifying resident individuals investing in defined eligible securities through a demat account. New retail investors must declare eligibility in Form A, furnish PAN, and may claim the deduction subject to a designated investment ceiling and a single-claim restriction. Investments are subject to a one-year fixed lock-in followed by a two-year flexible lock-in with demat account compliance and valuation rules; noncompliance triggers withdrawal and taxation of the deduction. Depositories and depository participants handle certification, statements and consolidated electronic reporting to tax authorities.