<h1>Indian Public Sector Banks Face Challenges Post Global Financial Crisis: High NPAs, Fintech Competition, Governance Issues, and Tech Advances.</h1> The Indian banking sector, particularly public sector banks (PSBs), faces significant challenges following the Global Financial Crisis, including high non-performing loans and competition from fintech companies. Historical decisions like bank nationalization aimed to address social responsibilities but led to risk build-ups, especially in infrastructure lending. Governance issues exacerbate PSBs' problems, with inadequate risk management and high NPAs. The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code has been pivotal in resolving stressed assets. Recent government initiatives focus on bank mergers for competitiveness and strengthening NBFCs and urban co-operative banks through regulatory reforms. Technological advancements are reshaping banking, emphasizing digitization and modernized financial services.