As per Reserve Bank of India (RBI) guidelines, banks are to have a loan recover policy, prepared and duly vetted by their boards. A number of mechanisms are available to banks to effect recovery, such as filing of a suit in Civil courts or in Debts Recovery Tribunals and action under the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act. In addition, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 has been enacted for time-bound resolution of stressed assets. Further, the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 has been amended to provide for authorisation by the Government to RBI, for issuing directions to banks to initiate the insolvency resolution process under the Code, and in pursuance of such directions, banks have filed applications in case of severs/large credit exposures before the National Company Law Tribunal. Further, keeping in view the enactment of the Code, RBI has recently issued a Revised Framework for Resolution of Stressed Assets, which provides for time-bound resolution of high-value stressed accounts.
As per data reported by PSBs, 1,77,614 properties have been attached and auctioned by them and an amount of ₹ 15,196 crore has been recovered during the financial years 2014-15 to 2017-18 (till 31.12.2017).
As per RBI data on global operations, as on 31.12.2017, the details of Gross Loans and Advances of Scheduled Commercial Banks, are given below.
Gross Loans and Advances of Scheduled Commercial Banks, as on 31.12.2017
Amounts in crore Rupees
Bank Name | Gross Loans and Advances |
AB Bank Limited | 5 |
Abu Dhabi CommercialBank PJSC | 1,48 |
AllahabadBank | 1,61,79 |
AmericanExpress Banking Corp. | 4,46 |
Andhra Bank | 1,51,49 |
Australiaand New Zealand Banking Group Limited | 2,21 |
Axis Bank Limited | 4,32,35 |
Bandhan Bank Limited | 23,13 |
Bank of America, NationalAssociation | 13,18 |
Bank of Bahrain and Kuwait B.S.C. | 1,29 |
Bank of Baroda | 4,28,71 |
Bank of Ceylon | 31 |
Bank of India | 3,79,53 |
Bank of Maharashtra | 95,169 |
Bank of Nova Scotia | 3,880 |
Barclays Bank PLC | 10,500 |
BNP Paribas | 20,037 |
Canara Bank | 3,88,518 |
CapitalSmall Finance Bank Limited | 1,583 |
CatholicSyrianBank Ltd. | 9,772 |
CentralBank of India | 1,79,702 |
CitibankN.A | 57,597 |
CityUnionBank Limited | 26,089 |
CooperatieveRabobankU.A. | 2,277 |
CorporationBank | 1,37,049 |
CreditAgricoleCorporateAnd Investment Bank | 4,796 |
CreditSuisse AG | 929 |
CTBC Bank CoLtd.. | 520 |
DBS Bank Ltd. | 18,605 |
DCB Bank Limited | 18,799 |
Dena Bank | 72,443 |
Deutsche Bank AG | 38,472 |
Doha Bank QSC | 631 |
Emirates NBD Bank (P.J.S.C.) | 277 |
Equitas Small Finance Bank Limited | 7,166 |
Federal Bank Ltd. | 85,922 |
First Abu Dhabi Bank PJSC | - |
FirstrandBank Ltd. | 319 |
HDFC Bank Ltd. | 6,36,640 |
Hongkongand Shanghai Banking Corpn.Ltd. | 45,655 |
ICICI Bank Limited | 5,27,145 |
IDBI Bank Limited | 2,04,768 |
IDFC Bank Limited | 49,398 |
Indian Bank | 1,53,120 |
Indian Overseas Bank | 1,51,536 |
IndusInd Bank Ltd. | 1,29,449 |
Industrialand CommercialBank of China | 839 |
IndustrialBank of Korea | 83 |
Jammu & Kashmir Bank Ltd. | 61,853 |
JP Morgan Chase Bank NationalAssociation | 10,209 |
JSC VTB Bank | 12 |
KarnatakaBank Ltd. | 44,917 |
Karur VysyaBank Ltd. | 44,836 |
KEB Hana Bank | 244 |
Kotak MahindraBank Ltd. | 1,61,086 |
Krung Thai Bank PublicCompanyLimited | 5 |
LakshmiVilas Bank Ltd. | 25,231 |
Mashreq Bank PSC | 167 |
Mizuho Bank Ltd. | 9,141 |
NainitalBank Ltd. | 3,463 |
NationalAustraliaBank | 204 |
OrientalBank of Commerce | 1,62,512 |
Pt Bank MaybankIndonesia TBK | 143 |
Punjab and Sind Bank | 64,273 |
Punjab NationalBank | 4,74,952 |
Qatar NationalBank SAQ | - |
RBL Bank Limited | 37,113 |
Sberbank | 206 |
SBM Bank (Mauritius) Ltd. | 1,266 |
Shinhan Bank | 5,227 |
Societe Generale | 2,582 |
Sonali Bank | 35 |
South Indian Bank Ltd. | 52,184 |
Standard CharteredBank | 72,956 |
State Bank of India | 19,24,592 |
SumitomoMitsui Banking Corporation | 6,812 |
SyndicateBank | 2,19,449 |
TamilnadMercantileBank Ltd. | 22,227 |
The Bank of Tokyo-MitsubishiUFJ Ltd. | 9,821 |
The DhanalakshmiBank Ltd. | 6,409 |
The RoyalBank of Scotland PLC | 115 |
UCO Bank | 1,22,948 |
UnionBank of India | 3,14,474 |
United Bank of India | 68,250 |
United Overseas Bank Ltd. | 807 |
VijayaBank | 1,10,622 |
Westpac Banking Corporation | 796 |
Woori Bank | 960 |
Yes Bank Ltd. | 1,72,894 |
Source: RBI (global operations)
This was stated by Shri Shiv Pratap Shukla, Minister of State for Finance in a written reply to a question in Lok Sabha.
Loan recovery framework: banks must adopt board vetted policies and use legal and insolvency routes for stressed assets. Banks must have board approved loan recovery policies and can pursue civil suits, Debts Recovery Tribunal proceedings, SARFAESI remedies, and insolvency proceedings under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016; the Banking Regulation Act amendment permits directions to initiate insolvency resolution and the central bank has issued a Revised Framework for time bound resolution of high value stressed accounts. Public sector banks reported attachment and auction of properties and recoveries during 2014-15 to 2017-18, and RBI published gross loans and advances by scheduled commercial banks as of 31.12.2017.
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