<h1>Carbon taxation shift: India moved from fossil fuel subsidies to higher fuel and coal taxation, signaling emissions pricing.</h1> India shifted from a carbon subsidy regime to explicit carbon taxation by raising taxes on petroleum products, producing a price signal that reduced fuel consumption and an estimated net reduction of about 11 million tonnes of CO2 in under a year. The Economic Survey records an increase in the coal cess (from Rs. 50 to Rs. 100 per ton), treated as an equivalent carbon tax to internalize coal-related domestic externalities, while warning that coal pricing reform must account for impacts on power prices and energy access for the poorest.