Definition of bitumen clarifies its forms, composition and functional properties for product classification and regulatory treatment.

Definition and technical characterisation of bitumen as a hydrocarbon-based material and petroleum residue used in road construction and roofing, describing composition (dominant carbon content with sulphur, nitrogen and oxygen), three basic components (asphaltene, maltene, carbine) and temperature-dependent physical behaviour. It distinguishes penetration grade bitumen, bitumen emulsion (suspended fine globules in water) and cutback bitumen (dissolved in solvent), notes selection depends on weather, economy and construction time, and records functional attributes relevant to classification and regulatory treatment such as waterproofing, durability and chemical resistance.

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