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<h1>Exploring Corporate Growth: Mergers and Takeovers as Strategic Tools for External Expansion and Financial Optimization</h1> Corporate restructuring through mergers and takeovers allows companies to grow externally when internal resources are insufficient. The benefit of a merger is calculated as the difference between the combined present value of the merged firms and the sum of their individual values. Various funding methods include equity shares, preferential allotment, mergers, preference shares, options or securities with differential rights, stock swaps, employee stock option schemes, external commercial borrowings, Indian and global depository receipts, financial institutions, rehabilitation finance, and leveraged or management buyouts. Each method offers distinct advantages, such as avoiding interest costs or facilitating employee participation.