Taxes on income and capital: treaty covers existing and substantially similar future taxes with mutual notification obligations. Article 2 defines the Convention's application to taxes on income and on capital imposed by a Contracting State or its subdivisions, treating as covered taxes those on total income or capital and on elements thereof, including gains from alienation, wages or salaries paid by enterprises, and capital appreciation. Contracting States must list existing covered taxes, and the Convention also covers identical or substantially similar taxes introduced after signature, with competent authorities required to notify each other of significant tax-law changes.