Monitoring shareholding of MIIs enforces shareholding limits, fit-and-proper criteria and triggers freezes on excess holdings. MIIs must disclose category-wise shareholding publicly, appoint a Designated Depository (DD) to monitor paid-up equity and breaches on an End of Day basis, and inform exchanges of threshold breaches. The DD will generate daily aggregate reports, alert on caution and breach levels, coordinate with other depositories, and on breaches apply ISIN-level freezes, disable e-voting for excess holdings, and freeze corporate benefits directing them to investor protection or settlement guarantee funds; listed excess holdings are divested via a special trading window, unlisted divestment follows regulator directions.