2026 (1) TMI 53 - AT - IBC

EPF interest and damages assessment for pre-insolvency dues after CIRP start barred by IBC s.14 moratorium; appeal dismissed

The dominant issue was whether statutory assessment of interest and damages under ss. 7Q and 14B of the EPF law, though relating to a pre-CIRP period, ... Rejection of claims submitted by the petitioner - assessment has been made post the date of CIRP but it is contended that it was pertaining to the period prior to CIRP - assessment of the interest and damages, under Section 7Q and 14B of the Act can take place after the admission of the application under Section 7, 9 and 10 after the CD is slipped into CIRP, because of imposition of moratorium under Section 14 of the Code or not - HELD THAT:- The judgement relied upon by the Respondent in CA Pankaj Shah vs. Employee Provident Fund Organisation & Anr. [2025 (9) TMI 337 - NATIONAL COMPANY LAW APPELLATE TRIBUNAL, PRINCIPAL BENCH, NEW DELHI] fully covers the issue because in the said case the CIRP was initiated on 17.02.2023. The inspection was carried out by the EPFO on 10.05.2023 and report was submitted by Enforcement Officer by which it was communicated that amount of Rs. 33,99,135/- was worked out as due from the CD for the period from April, 2015 to March, 2021. The said period was before the date of CIRP i.e., 17.02.2023 but the inspection report of the assessment was post CIRP i.e., 10.05.2023. This court has held that after the imposition of moratorium under Section 14 of the Code, the assessment cannot be carried out much less no claim can be raised. Thus, in view of the law laid down by this Court in case of CA Pankaj Shah, it is opined that there is no error committed by the Learned Tribunal in rejecting the application filed by the Appellant - appeal dismissed. ISSUES PRESENTED AND CONSIDERED 1. Whether, after commencement of CIRP and imposition of moratorium under Section 14 of the Code, the Employees' Provident Fund authorities can initiate and complete assessment proceedings for interest and damages under Sections 7Q and 14B of the Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952, even if the assessed period relates to pre-CIRP dues. 2. Whether a claim founded upon an assessment order passed after CIRP commencement (though relating to a pre-CIRP period) can be required to be admitted in CIRP, and whether rejection of such claim by the Resolution Professional warrants interference. ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS Issue 1: Permissibility of post-moratorium assessment under Sections 7Q and 14B of the Act Legal framework: The Court treated the imposition of moratorium under Section 14 of the Code, upon admission into CIRP, as prohibiting post-CIRP initiation/continuation of proceedings that create pecuniary liability against the corporate debtor. The judgment examined the interaction between Section 14 moratorium and the EPF authorities' assessment for interest and damages under Sections 7Q and 14B. Interpretation and reasoning: The Court found it undisputed that (i) CIRP commenced earlier, (ii) the initiation/intimation of CIRP was received by the EPF authorities, and (iii) the EPF authorities nonetheless initiated assessment proceedings by issuing summons after CIRP commencement, culminating in an assessment order after CIRP commencement. Although the quantified liability related to a period prior to CIRP, the Court held the decisive factor to be that the assessment proceedings themselves were initiated and completed after the moratorium began. The Court regarded reliance on decisions addressing coverage or priority of EPF dues as inapposite because the determinative issue here was not the nature of the dues, but the timing/maintainability of the assessment process post-moratorium. The Court applied its earlier holding that, once moratorium is in force, assessment proceedings cannot be carried out so as to fasten pecuniary liability on the corporate debtor. Conclusion: The Court conclusively held that after initiation of CIRP and imposition of moratorium, assessment of interest and damages under Sections 7Q and 14B cannot be initiated or carried out against the corporate debtor, even if the assessed period is pre-CIRP. Issue 2: Admissibility in CIRP of a claim based on a post-CIRP assessment order and correctness of rejection by the Resolution Professional Legal framework: Proceeding from the moratorium's bar on post-CIRP assessment creating pecuniary liability, the Court treated a claim founded on such post-moratorium assessment as not capable of being enforced through CIRP admission when the assessment itself is impermissible after CIRP commencement. Interpretation and reasoning: The Court noted that the claim was submitted to the Resolution Professional after the post-CIRP assessment order and was rejected. The Court held that, since the assessment proceedings could not validly continue after moratorium, no enforceable demand could be raised on that basis; consequently, there was no error in refusing to set aside the Resolution Professional's rejection and in dismissing the application seeking admission of the claim. The Court therefore found no basis to interfere with the Tribunal's order. Conclusion: The Court upheld rejection of the claim and affirmed dismissal of the application challenging that rejection, thereby dismissing the appeal.