2025 (11) TMI 617 - HC - Customs

Fifth anticipatory bail denied for absconding accused; no material change, fraudulent scrips, declared offender under Section 82 CrPC

Suresh Kumar Jain Versus State (Govt. Of Nct Delhi)

HC dismissed the fifth anticipatory bail application, finding no material change in circumstances and noting the applicant's fraudulent use of scrips, ... Fifth Anticipatory Bail Application under Section 482 Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 - no material change in circumstances - scrips has been fraudulently utilized by the Applicant - HELD THAT:- From this entire conduct of the Applicant, it is evident that despite being aware of the pending investigations, he has been deflecting to join the investigations, but has been repeatedly trying his luck to somehow get the Bail. Pertinently, since then the process under Section 82 Cr.P.C. has already been executed against him and he had been declared an Offender. In the case of Ananda Babu vs. State of Tamil Nadu [2021 (1) TMI 1164 - SC ORDER], the Apex Court had observed that as a matter of fact, successive Anticipatory Bail Applications ought not to be entertained and more so when the Case Diary and the Status Report clearly indicate that the Accused is absconding and not cooperating with the investigations. The specious reason of change of circumstance cannot be invoked for successive Anticipatory Bail Application, once, it is rejected by a speaking Order and that too by the same Judge. In the present case, the first and third Anticipatory Bail Applications have been withdrawn from this Court, while the second Bail Application granting Anticipatory Bail was allowed subject to deposit of Rs. 1 Crore. An application for modification of this condition was moved along with the Third Bail Application, which also has been withdrawn. It is clearly evident that there are successive Bail Application being filed with no change in circumstances. Now also, the endeavour is to indirectly overcome the Bail condition imposed by this Court in the second Bail Application, which also stands withdrawn. Not only this, the Applicant has already been declared an Offender. There exists no ground for grant of Anticipatory Bail. The Bail Application is hereby, dismissed. ISSUES PRESENTED AND CONSIDERED 1. Whether successive applications for anticipatory bail under Section 438 Cr.P.C. are maintainable where earlier applications were dismissed or withdrawn and there is no material change in circumstances. 2. Whether the applicant's alleged status as a bona fide purchaser/victim, and the filing of a chargesheet, weigh in favour of grant of anticipatory bail. 3. Whether the conduct of the applicant during investigation - including alleged non-cooperation, fabrication of medical documents, evasion of service, and execution of process under Section 82 Cr.P.C. - disentitles him to anticipatory bail. 4. Whether non-compliance with conditions imposed in an earlier anticipatory bail order (deposit of security) and subsequent withdrawal of applications affects entitlement to further anticipatory bail. 5. Whether custodial interrogation and the State's need to investigate further (including possibility of tampering/interference) justify refusal of anticipatory bail despite trial-stage factors (chargesheet filed). ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS Issue 1: Maintainability of successive anticipatory bail applications Legal framework: Successive anticipatory bail applications are subject to the limitation that a later application will be entertained only upon demonstration of a material change in facts or law since the earlier order, or where earlier findings have become obsolete. Precedent Treatment: The Court applied the principle that successive applications ought not to be entertained absent a bona fide change in circumstances, relying on governing precedents establishing the narrow scope for repeat applications (cited in the judgement). Interpretation and reasoning: The Court noted that three prior anticipatory bail applications (two dismissed/withdrawn; one granted subject to stringent condition) had been filed and there was no demonstrable change in facts, situation or law that would render the earlier view obsolete. The applicant's reliance on further documents or re-argument was held insufficient to constitute the requisite change. Ratio vs. Obiter: Ratio - successive anticipatory bail applications are impermissible unless there is a real change in facts or law making the earlier decision obsolete. Obiter - procedural nuances of withdrawal and re-filing were discussed in context. Conclusion: Successive anticipatory bail application was not maintainable in absence of material change; therefore this ground weighed against bail. Issue 2: Effect of chargesheet filed and claim of bona fide purchaser/victim Legal framework: Filing of a chargesheet is a factor in bail considerations but does not automatically entitle an accused to anticipatory bail; bona fide purchaser/victim status is relevant to culpability assessment but must be reconciled with the totality of conduct and evidence. Precedent Treatment: The Court acknowledged precedents recognizing that a chargesheet and absence of incriminating material can favour bail but are not overriding where other adverse factors exist. Interpretation and reasoning: The Investigating Officer had earlier characterized the applicant as a victim and the chargesheet included that view, while the applicant asserted he was a bona fide purchaser who paid consideration and promptly sold the scrips. The Court observed these points but held they did not, by themselves, establish entitlement to anticipatory bail given other factors (see Issue 3 and 4). Ratio vs. Obiter: Obiter - the Court recorded that chargesheeted status and victim characterization are relevant but not decisive; the Court did not lay a new rule altering the effect of a chargesheet. Conclusion: Chargesheet filing and claim of bona fides are relevant but insufficient to require grant of anticipatory bail in the circumstances of this case. Issue 3: Applicant's investigative conduct - non-cooperation, alleged fabrication, evasion and effect on bail Legal framework: Courts may refuse anticipatory bail where the accused's conduct indicates absconding, non-cooperation, fabrication of documents, or attempts to influence/evade investigation; such conduct undermines the assurance against tampering and defeats the object of custodial interrogation. Precedent Treatment: The Court relied on authorities that treat deliberate non-cooperation or absconsion as a strong ground to deny anticipatory bail, and on authority recognizing the utility of custodial interrogation where necessary for investigation. Interpretation and reasoning: The State's status report and record showed repeated notices ignored, a medical certificate deemed fabricated, failure to appear when required, misrepresentation of residence addresses, execution of NBWs and proclamation under Section 82 Cr.P.C., and continued absconsion. The Court considered these acts as deliberate evasion and as materially adverse to grant of anticipatory bail. Ratio vs. Obiter: Ratio - proven evasive conduct and fabrication materially weigh against anticipatory bail; Obiter - details on local raids and address discrepancies contextualize the finding. Conclusion: The applicant's conduct disentitled him to anticipatory bail; refusal is justified on grounds of non-cooperation, fabrication, and absconsion. Issue 4: Effect of non-compliance with prior bail condition and withdrawal of prior applications Legal framework: Non-compliance with conditions attached to an earlier anticipatory bail order may render that order inoperative; withdrawal of modification applications after non-compliance undermines entitlement to renewed relief. Precedent Treatment: The Court applied principles that failure to comply with imposed conditions and subsequent withdrawal of proceedings cannot be used to circumvent earlier determinations. Interpretation and reasoning: The applicant failed to deposit the Rs. 1 crore conditioned by the prior anticipatory bail; he later sought modification and then withdrew that application and associated bail petitions. The Court treated the prior order as no longer operative and concluded that attempts to relitigate the condition indirectly through fresh applications were impermissible. Ratio vs. Obiter: Ratio - non-compliance with prior bail conditions and withdrawal of modification applications weaken any claim to renewed anticipatory bail; Obiter - commentary on attempted circumvention. Conclusion: Non-compliance with prior conditions and withdrawal of proceedings weighed against grant of fresh anticipatory bail. Issue 5: Need for custodial interrogation and protection of investigation Legal framework: Custodial interrogation may be necessary where further effective investigation is impeded; anticipatory bail may be denied to preserve the State's capacity to interrogate and prevent tampering. Precedent Treatment: The Court relied on authority observing that custodial interrogation is qualitatively different and may be essential to elicit information that pre-arrest protections could blunt. Interpretation and reasoning: Given allegations of large-scale fraudulent transfers, ongoing investigations, and the applicant's obstructive conduct, the Court concluded custodial measures could assist investigation and mitigate risk of evidence tampering. Ratio vs. Obiter: Ratio - when investigation requires custodial interrogation and there exists risk of tampering or obstruction, anticipatory bail can be refused; Obiter - general observations on custodial interrogation utility. Conclusion: The State's need to effectively investigate and the risk posed by the applicant's conduct justified refusal of anticipatory bail. Final Disposition Having considered the absence of material change in circumstances, the applicant's evasive and allegedly deceptive conduct during investigation, non-compliance with earlier bail condition, and the State's need to conduct effective investigation (including custodial interrogation), the Court dismissed the anticipatory bail application. Pending applications were disposed accordingly.