2025 (1) TMI 818 - HC - Income Tax

Reassessment notice issued to deceased assessee held invalid and without jurisdiction by High Court

Gujarat HC held that a reassessment notice issued against a deceased assessee was without jurisdiction and unsustainable. The court found that despite the ... Reassessment notice issued against the dead-assessee - HELD THAT:- It is not in dispute that the impugned notice has been issued upon the late husband of the petitioner and therefore, the same would be without jurisdiction as it is now also evident from the additional documents placed on record including the Screenshot from the Income Tax Portal of the compilation wherein, the Email address had been updated as per the Adhar Card of the late husband of the petitioner. Thus, the averments made by the respondent-Assessing Officer justifying the action of issuing the notice on the Email address available on the record cannot be accepted. Thus, the petition deserves to be allowed by holding that the impugned notice which was issued against the dead-assessee cannot be sustained. Decided in favour of assessee. 1. ISSUES PRESENTED and CONSIDEREDThe core legal questions considered in this judgment are:Whether the issuance of a notice under Section 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, to a deceased person is valid and legally sustainable.Whether the subsequent assessment proceedings and orders based on such a notice are valid.Whether the legal representatives of a deceased assessee can be deemed to have participated in the proceedings if they inform the authorities of the assessee's death.2. ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSISIssue 1: Validity of Notice Issued to a Deceased PersonRelevant Legal Framework and Precedents: The court referred to the provisions of Section 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, and relevant case law including Mitesh Goradhandas Somaiya and Himadri Kandarp Mehta, which establish that notices issued to deceased persons are void.Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The court held that issuing a notice to a deceased person is a jurisdictional defect and cannot be rectified. The notice is a nullity and cannot confer jurisdiction to the assessing officer.Key Evidence and Findings: The petitioner provided evidence that the notice was issued to the deceased husband, and the email address used was outdated and not updated as per the records.Application of Law to Facts: The court applied the principle that a notice issued to a dead person is invalid, and since the legal representative did not participate in the proceedings, the notice and subsequent actions were void.Treatment of Competing Arguments: The respondent argued that notices were sent to the last known email address. However, the court found this insufficient as the notice was issued after the assessee's death.Conclusions: The court concluded that the notice under Section 148 was invalid as it was issued to a deceased person, and thus, all subsequent proceedings were also invalid.Issue 2: Validity of Assessment Proceedings and OrdersRelevant Legal Framework and Precedents: The court relied on precedents that establish the invalidity of proceedings initiated against deceased persons, referencing decisions like Urmilaben Anirudhhasinji Jadeja.Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The court emphasized that without a valid notice, the assessment proceedings lack jurisdiction and are therefore null and void.Key Evidence and Findings: The court noted that the assessment order was based on a notice issued to a deceased person, rendering the order unsustainable.Application of Law to Facts: Since the notice was invalid, the assessment proceedings and the order dated 30.03.2022 were also invalidated.Treatment of Competing Arguments: The respondent's argument that the legal representative's response constituted participation was rejected, as the response was merely an intimation of the assessee's death.Conclusions: The court concluded that the assessment order was void as it stemmed from an invalid notice.3. SIGNIFICANT HOLDINGSPreserve verbatim quotes of crucial legal reasoning: 'The purport of Section 292B of the Act is that in the event of any mistake, defect or omission in the notice or other proceedings, if the same is in conformity with or according to the intent and purpose of the Act, the notice cannot be termed as invalid.'Core principles established: Notices issued to deceased persons are nullities, and any proceedings based on such notices are without jurisdiction and void.Final determinations on each issue: The court quashed the notice issued under Section 148 and set aside the assessment order dated 30.03.2022, declaring both as invalid.