Definition of 'consulting engineer' under Finance Act includes companies. Ministry of Finance circulars aligned with legislative intent. Appeal dismissed.

MN DASTUR AND CO. LTD. Versus UNION OF INDIA

MN DASTUR AND CO. LTD. Versus UNION OF INDIA - [2005] 279 ITR 147, 2006 (4) S.T.R. 3 (Cal.) , [2006] 3 VST 6 (Cal) Issues Involved:
1. Definition of 'consulting engineer' under Section 65(13) of the Finance Act, 1994.
2. Whether the term 'engineering firm' includes a company.
3. Validity of Circulars issued by the Ministry of Finance interpreting 'engineering firm' to include companies.
4. Interpretation principles of fiscal statutes.

Issue-wise Detailed Analysis:

1. Definition of 'consulting engineer' under Section 65(13) of the Finance Act, 1994:
The primary issue is whether the term 'engineering firm' used in the definition of 'consulting engineer' includes a company. The appellants argued that the Legislature intentionally used the term 'firm' instead of 'person' or 'concern' to differentiate consulting engineers from other assessees liable to pay service tax. The term 'firm' should be understood according to the general concept of law, which does not include a company. This interpretation is supported by various Supreme Court decisions, which distinguish a firm from a company, emphasizing that a firm means a partnership firm, while a company is a separate juristic person distinct from its shareholders.

2. Whether the term 'engineering firm' includes a company:
The respondents contended that the term 'firm' should not be confined to a partnership firm in the absence of any express provision. The argument is that excluding companies from the definition would lead to an absurdity, as it would exempt companies from tax while taxing individuals and partnership firms providing the same service. The court noted that the term 'firm' in Section 65(13) is not used independently but is qualified by 'engineering,' indicating a business establishment of engineers providing taxable services. The court concluded that the term 'firm' includes all kinds of firms, including companies, providing engineering services.

3. Validity of Circulars issued by the Ministry of Finance interpreting 'engineering firm' to include companies:
The appellants argued that the circulars issued by the Ministry of Finance, which sought to include companies within the term 'firm,' were inconsistent with the legislative provisions and ultra vires the Finance Act, 1994. The court, however, found that the circulars were issued within the parameters of delegated legislation and were valid. The circulars did not impose a tax not authorized by the parent Act but clarified the scope of the term 'consulting engineer' to include companies, aligning with the legislative intent and scheme of the Act.

4. Interpretation principles of fiscal statutes:
The court emphasized that fiscal statutes should be construed strictly, focusing on the clear words of the law rather than the intention of the Legislature. In cases of doubt, the interpretation favorable to the taxpayer should be adopted. However, if an interpretation leads to absurdity, the court can remove the absurdity and interpret the statute according to its objects and purposes. The court applied these principles and concluded that excluding companies from the definition of 'consulting engineer' would lead to an irrational and absurd result, contrary to the legislative intent and scheme of the Act.

Conclusion:
The court affirmed the judgment of the learned single judge, holding that the term 'engineering firm' in the definition of 'consulting engineer' under Section 65(13) of the Finance Act, 1994, includes companies. The circulars issued by the Ministry of Finance were declared valid, as they were within the parameters of delegated legislation and consistent with the provisions of the parent Act. The appeal was dismissed, and there was no order as to costs.