2010 (1) TMI 1318 - AT - Income Tax

Revenue partly wins appeal; director remuneration disallowance limited to Rs only 1 lakh, balance allowed

ITAT Ahd. partly allowed the Revenue's appeal against the CIT(A)'s deletion of a disallowance of director remuneration. The AO had disallowed Rs.5.82 lakh ... - ISSUES PRESENTED AND CONSIDERED 1. Whether director's remuneration paid by the company is allowable as business expenditure where the Assessing Officer contends the increase is excessive relative to prior year's remuneration and turnover growth. 2. Whether compliance with Schedule XIII of the Companies Act (procedure and prescribed monetary limits for directors' remuneration) is determinative of reasonableness for income-tax deduction purposes. 3. If a portion of director's remuneration is held excessive, what principle or quantum should be applied to restrict the disallowance? ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS Issue 1 - Allowability of director's remuneration when increased sharply compared with prior year and turnover Legal framework: Deductibility of business expenditure (including director's remuneration) is governed by the Income-tax Act; Assessing Officer may disallow payments considered excessive. Reasonableness can be tested by contemporaneous facts such as company profits, comparative remuneration levels, and business performance. Precedent Treatment: No earlier judicial precedents were relied upon or cited by the Tribunal in the judgment; decision rests on statutory provisions (Schedule XIII) and facts. Interpretation and reasoning: The Assessing Officer compared percentage increase in sales (12.14%) with percentage increase in director's remuneration (approximately 68%) and concluded that only a 20% increase was reasonable, disallowing the remainder. The Appellate authority and the Tribunal examined the matter against Schedule XIII norms and the company's net profit for the year (which permitted a higher remuneration ceiling where calculated as a percentage of net profit), and also considered the past remuneration trajectory and the director's acceptance of reduced pay in loss years. Ratio vs. Obiter: The Court's principal holding that a bare comparison of sales growth to remuneration increase is not conclusive and that other statutory and commercial factors must be considered is ratio. Conclusion: The Tribunal finds that while the Assessing Officer's mechanical comparison justified scrutiny, it did not justify full disallowance; after examining Schedule XIII limits, company profits, prior remuneration and commercial circumstances, the Tribunal upheld most of the remuneration as allowable but found a limited excess. Issue 2 - Relevance and effect of Schedule XIII of the Companies Act on reasonableness of director's remuneration for tax deduction Legal framework: Schedule XIII prescribes procedure (remuneration committee or Central Government approval depending on capital) and monetary limits (percentage of net profits or specified monthly caps) for directors' remuneration under company law. Compliance with Schedule XIII ensures that remuneration is within the statutory corporate-law envelope. Precedent Treatment: The judgment does not invoke or distinguish any authority holding that company-law compliance is either necessary or conclusive for tax deductibility; the Tribunal treats Schedule XIII as an important indicator of reasonableness. Interpretation and reasoning: The Tribunal accepted that for a company with paid-up capital under the specified threshold, remuneration fixed by a Remuneration Committee and within Schedule XIII monetary limits (notably 5% of net profits in a profit-making year) is prima facie reasonable. The Tribunal noted that in the subject year net profits permitted a higher ceiling (5% of net profits equated to a figure exceeding the remuneration actually paid) and that the director had taken reduced remuneration in loss years, supporting commercial acceptability of the later increase. Ratio vs. Obiter: The Tribunal's conclusion that Schedule XIII compliance is a significant factor supporting allowance of director's remuneration is ratio to the extent it disposes the dispute; any broader statement that compliance is determinative of tax allowability beyond the facts would be obiter. Conclusion: Compliance with Schedule XIII (procedure and prescribed limits) weighed strongly in favor of allowing the remuneration as business expenditure; accordingly, most of the remuneration was held allowable notwithstanding the sharper percentage increase vis-à-vis sales. Issue 3 - Quantification of disallowance where some excess is found Legal framework: Where the Assessing Officer disallows part of an expense as excessive, the Tribunal must quantify excess on reasonable basis supported by facts and statutory parameters rather than adopt an arbitrary percentage. Precedent Treatment: No specific precedents governing quantum were cited by the Tribunal; the approach is fact-driven. Interpretation and reasoning: The Assessing Officer allowed remuneration up to an assumed reasonable increase (20%) and disallowed the remainder. The Appellate authority fully deleted the disallowance on Schedule XIII grounds. The Tribunal, after considering both positions, concluded that a modest disallowance of Rs. 1 lakh represented the actual excess; the balance of the remuneration was permitted. The Tribunal thus did not accept either the Assessing Officer's larger disallowance nor the Appellate authority's full deletion but adopted a middle course tailored to the particulars (actual net profit, statutory ceiling, historical remuneration trajectory, and commercial justification for an increase after profit restoration). Ratio vs. Obiter: The specific quantification of disallowance to Rs. 1 lakh is ratio to the case; the general principle that quantum should be fixed on factual and statutory footing (not by simple turnover-to-remuneration percent comparison) is also ratio. Conclusion: A partial disallowance of a modest fixed sum was warranted; the Tribunal restricted the disallowance to Rs. 1 lakh and allowed the remaining remuneration as deductible. Cross-References and Integrated Reasoning The Tribunal's conclusions on Issues 1-3 are interdependent: Schedule XIII compliance and company profitability (Issue 2) undermined the Assessing Officer's reliance on a turnover-comparison test (Issue 1), and led the Tribunal to quantify a limited, specific disallowance (Issue 3) rather than endorse the Assessing Officer's larger adjustment or the Appellate authority's total deletion. No alternative evidentiary or jurisprudential authorities were invoked to alter this fact-based outcome.