2025 (4) TMI 1656 - AT - Income Tax

Co-operative society gets section 80P(2)(a)(i) deduction for interest income from mandatory SLR deposits with district co-operative bank

The Tribunal allowed the appeal of a co-operative society, condoning the 66-day delay in filing and granting deduction under section 80P(2)(a)(i) for ... Deduction u/s. 80P(2)(a)(i) / 80P(2)(d) - interest income earned from district co-operative bank - HELD THAT:- We are of the view insofar as the issue involved in this appeal is squarely covered by the judgment of Sahyadri Co-operative Credit Society Ltd [2024 (9) TMI 1278 - KERALA HIGH COURT] as held investment concerned was of amounts that had already attained the character of surplus profits in the hands of the assessee. On this issue, therefore, we find ourselves in agreement with the view taken by in The Vavveru Cooperative Rural Bank Ltd.[2017 (4) TMI 663 - ANDHRA PRADESH HIGH COURT] and Tumkur Merchants Souharda Credit Co-operative Limited [2015 (2) TMI 995 - KARNATAKA HIGH COURT]. Appeal filed by the assessee is allowed. The core legal questions considered in this appeal are:1. Whether the assessee, a co-operative society engaged in providing credit facilities to its members, is entitled to claim deduction under section 80P(2)(a)(i) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, in respect of interest income earned from deposits with a district co-operative bank.2. Whether the interest income earned by the assessee from the district co-operative bank falls within the ambit of deduction under section 80P(2)(d) instead of section 80P(2)(a)(i).3. Whether the delay in filing the appeal before the Tribunal is liable to be condoned.Issue-wise Detailed AnalysisDelay in Filing AppealThe assessee filed the appeal before the Tribunal with a delay of 66 days. A condonation petition was filed along with an affidavit from the Secretary of the assessee explaining the reasons for the delay. The Tribunal examined the grounds presented and found them to constitute reasonable cause. Accordingly, the delay was condoned, and the appeal was admitted for adjudication. This procedural issue was resolved in favor of the assessee, enabling substantive examination of the tax dispute.Entitlement to Deduction under Section 80P(2)(a)(i) versus Section 80P(2)(d)Legal Framework and Precedents: Section 80P of the Income-tax Act provides deductions to co-operative societies engaged in specified activities. Section 80P(2)(a)(i) allows deduction of income earned by a co-operative society from its members by way of interest or profits on credit facilities. Section 80P(2)(d) allows deduction in respect of income earned by the society from other sources, subject to certain conditions.The assessee contended that the interest income earned from deposits with the district co-operative bank is eligible for deduction under section 80P(2)(a)(i), relying on the mandatory statutory requirement to maintain Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) investments under Rule 63 of the Co-operative Societies Rules. The Assessing Officer disallowed the claim under section 80P, holding that the interest income did not qualify under either provision. The Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) allowed deduction but under section 80P(2)(d), not section 80P(2)(a)(i).The Tribunal noted that the issue has been authoritatively considered by the jurisdictional High Court in the case of Sahyadri Co-operative Credit Society Ltd. The High Court distinguished the Supreme Court decision in The Totgars' Cooperative Sale Society Limited on the basis that in the Supreme Court case, the interest income was found to have lost its nexus with the principal income of the society and was treated as income from other sources. In contrast, in the present and related cases, the interest income arose from surplus profits already recognized in the hands of the co-operative society, maintaining a nexus with the principal business.The High Court further endorsed the views taken by the Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka High Courts in similar matters involving co-operative societies and their entitlement to deduction under section 80P(2)(a)(i).The Tribunal also relied on a recent coordinate bench decision involving a similar fact pattern, wherein the same bench had followed the High Court's reasoning and allowed deduction under section 80P(2)(a)(i).Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Tribunal accepted that the interest income earned from deposits with the district co-operative bank is integrally connected with the principal business of the assessee, i.e., providing credit facilities to its members. The mandatory investment in the district co-operative bank to satisfy SLR requirements was regarded as a legitimate business practice. Consequently, the interest income arising therefrom retains its character as income from the business of the co-operative society and qualifies for deduction under section 80P(2)(a)(i).The Tribunal rejected the Department's argument that the deduction should be allowed only under section 80P(2)(d) or disallowed altogether, emphasizing the binding nature of the jurisdictional High Court's decision and the consistent approach of co-ordinate benches.Key Evidence and Findings: The Tribunal relied on the factual finding that the assessee is a co-operative society engaged in credit activities and is required to maintain SLR investments. The interest income earned on such investments was found to be directly related to the business activity and not a separate income from other sources.The Tribunal also considered the affidavit and condonation petition as evidence of reasonable cause for delay, allowing the appeal to be heard on merits.Application of Law to Facts: Applying the principles established by the High Court and previous Tribunal decisions, the Tribunal concluded that the interest income from the district co-operative bank deposits falls squarely within the scope of section 80P(2)(a)(i). Therefore, the assessee is entitled to the deduction claimed under this provision.Treatment of Competing Arguments: The Tribunal addressed the Department's reliance on the Assessing Officer's and CIT(A)'s orders, which had either disallowed or restricted the deduction to section 80P(2)(d). The Tribunal found these arguments unpersuasive in light of the authoritative judicial pronouncements. The Tribunal distinguished the Supreme Court precedent cited by the Department on factual grounds and aligned with the High Court's nuanced interpretation.Significant HoldingsThe Tribunal held: 'The interest income earned by the co-operative society from deposits with the district co-operative bank is eligible for deduction under section 80P(2)(a)(i) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, as it retains a direct nexus with the principal business of the society and arises from surplus profits already recognized in the hands of the assessee.'It further stated: 'The decision of the Hon'ble jurisdictional High Court in Sahyadri Co-operative Credit Society Ltd. (supra) is squarely applicable and binding on us. We also follow the coordinate bench decision in Thrissur District Electricity Board Employees Co-op Society Limited, which aligns with the High Court's view.'On the procedural issue, the Tribunal concluded: 'The delay of 66 days in filing the appeal is condoned on the grounds of reasonable cause demonstrated by the assessee.'The core principles established include:Interest income earned by a co-operative society from deposits mandated by statutory liquidity requirements, which are integrally connected to its credit business, qualifies for deduction under section 80P(2)(a)(i).The nexus between the income and the principal business activity is critical in determining eligibility for deduction under section 80P.Judicial precedents from jurisdictional High Courts and coordinate benches of the Tribunal are binding and determinative on such issues.Reasonable cause for delay in filing appeals can be established by affidavit and explanation, warranting condonation of delay.Accordingly, the Tribunal allowed the appeal of the assessee, granting deduction under section 80P(2)(a)(i) on the interest income earned from the district co-operative bank deposits and condoned the delay in filing the appeal.