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        Insolvency and Bankruptcy

        2022 (9) TMI 909 - AT - Insolvency and Bankruptcy

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        Locus and fraudulent initiation in insolvency proceedings must be examined on merits, not rejected summarily A person claiming to have stepped into the shoes of the financial creditor may have locus to intervene in insolvency proceedings where pleadings show a ...
                      Cases where this provision is explicitly mentioned in the judgment/order text; may not be exhaustive. To view the complete list of cases mentioning this section, Click here.

                          Locus and fraudulent initiation in insolvency proceedings must be examined on merits, not rejected summarily

                          A person claiming to have stepped into the shoes of the financial creditor may have locus to intervene in insolvency proceedings where pleadings show a direct interest in the subject property and security, and a summary rejection without examining those facts is unsustainable. Allegations that a section 7 insolvency petition was initiated collusively or fraudulently require consideration on merits, particularly where prior mortgage, enforcement and related proceedings are relied upon to question maintainability and bona fides. The matter must be assessed on the pleaded material, and allegations under the insolvency code cannot be brushed aside merely as a want of locus objection.




                          Issues: (i) whether the appellant, claiming as assignee of the original financial creditor, had locus to intervene and seek dismissal of the company petition; (ii) whether the admission of the section 7 application could stand when allegations of collusion and fraudulent initiation were raised and were not examined on merits.

                          Issue (i): whether the appellant, claiming as assignee of the original financial creditor, had locus to intervene and seek dismissal of the company petition.

                          Analysis: The appellant asserted a direct interest in the subject property and the underlying security, and its application invoked the tribunal's jurisdiction under section 60(5) of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, along with section 65 of the Code and Rule 11 of the National Company Law Tribunal Rules, 2016. The pleadings disclosed that the appellant was not a stranger to the proceedings but claimed to have stepped into the shoes of the financial creditor and also placed reliance on prior enforcement action and other pending proceedings concerning the corporate debtor. In that setting, a summary rejection on the ground of absence of locus without examining the pleaded facts was held to be erroneous.

                          Conclusion: The appellant had locus to maintain the intervention application, and the rejection of the application for want of locus could not be sustained.

                          Issue (ii): whether the admission of the section 7 application could stand when allegations of collusion and fraudulent initiation were raised and were not examined on merits.

                          Analysis: The application specifically alleged that the insolvency process had been initiated maliciously and collusively, attracting section 65 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016. The pleadings also referred to prior mortgage and enforcement events, which were said to bear on the maintainability and bona fides of the section 7 proceeding. Since those allegations were not examined by the Adjudicating Authority and the order admitting the petition proceeded without considering the appellant's material, the admission order was found unsustainable. The matter was directed to be reconsidered afresh after hearing the parties.

                          Conclusion: The admission order under section 7 was set aside and the company petition was revived for fresh consideration.

                          Final Conclusion: Both appeals succeeded, the appellant was permitted to intervene, and the insolvency proceedings were restored for reconsideration on merits before the Adjudicating Authority.

                          Ratio Decidendi: Where a person claiming a direct interest in the insolvency proceedings raises a properly pleaded objection of collusion or fraudulent initiation under section 65 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, the Adjudicating Authority must examine those allegations on merits and cannot reject the application merely on a bare plea of want of locus.


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                          ActsIncome Tax
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