Constitution Bench precedent binds two-judge Benches, and doubts about correctness must be addressed through larger Bench reference.

A Constitution Bench decision binds a Bench of two judges under the doctrine of judicial discipline and stare decisis, even if the judges doubt its correctness. The proper course is to follow the precedent until it is overruled by a larger Bench, and if reconsideration is thought necessary, to seek reference to a larger Bench rather than disregard the earlier ruling. The Court noted that the appropriate procedural response to such doubts is reference, although the present matter was directed to be heard and decided by a two-judge Bench.

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Outcome: The matter was directed to be heard and decided by a Bench of two learned judges, with the Court declining to treat the earlier Constitution Bench decision as open to reconsideration by a Bench of two judges.

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