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        Case ID :

        1975 (12) TMI 189 - SC - Income Tax

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        Retrospective tax liability under HUF partition law rejected for pre-1962 assessments; reassessment machinery cannot create new liability. Section 171(6) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 was treated as creating a new substantive liability by making former members of a Hindu undivided family ...
                      Cases where this provision is explicitly mentioned in the judgment/order text; may not be exhaustive. To view the complete list of cases mentioning this section, Click here.

                          Retrospective tax liability under HUF partition law rejected for pre-1962 assessments; reassessment machinery cannot create new liability.

                          Section 171(6) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 was treated as creating a new substantive liability by making former members of a Hindu undivided family jointly and severally liable for tax after partition. That liability could not be applied retrospectively to assessments completed under the Income-tax Act, 1922, because no clear language required such construction. Section 297(2)(d) was confined to the machinery for reassessment of escaped income and did not carry forward a substantive liability-creating provision like Section 171(6). The result was that pre-1962 assessments could not be enforced personally against the HUF members under the new Act.




                          Issues: Whether Section 171(6) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 could be applied to impose personal and joint and several liability on members of a Hindu undivided family in respect of assessments completed under the Income-tax Act, 1922, and whether Section 297(2)(d) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 brought that provision into play on reassessment.

                          Analysis: Section 25A of the Income-tax Act, 1922 dealt with partition of a Hindu undivided family but did not create personal liability of members in the case of a partial partition. Section 171(6) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, by contrast, introduced a new substantive obligation by authorising recovery of tax from every person who was a member before partition and by making such persons jointly and severally liable. A provision creating a new liability cannot be applied retrospectively to assessments already completed under the old Act unless the language clearly so requires, and nothing in Section 171(6) justified such a construction. Section 297(2)(d) was also held to be confined to the machinery for reassessment of escaped income; the words that all provisions of the new Act shall apply accordingly did not incorporate a substantive liability-creating provision such as Section 171(6).

                          Conclusion: Section 171(6) did not apply to the assessees' pre-1962 assessments, and the Revenue could not recover the reassessed tax personally from the members of the Hindu undivided family under Section 297(2)(d).


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                          ActsIncome Tax
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