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Issues: Whether Section 171(6) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 could be applied to impose personal and joint and several liability on members of a Hindu undivided family in respect of assessments completed under the Income-tax Act, 1922, and whether Section 297(2)(d) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 brought that provision into play on reassessment.
Analysis: Section 25A of the Income-tax Act, 1922 dealt with partition of a Hindu undivided family but did not create personal liability of members in the case of a partial partition. Section 171(6) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, by contrast, introduced a new substantive obligation by authorising recovery of tax from every person who was a member before partition and by making such persons jointly and severally liable. A provision creating a new liability cannot be applied retrospectively to assessments already completed under the old Act unless the language clearly so requires, and nothing in Section 171(6) justified such a construction. Section 297(2)(d) was also held to be confined to the machinery for reassessment of escaped income; the words that all provisions of the new Act shall apply accordingly did not incorporate a substantive liability-creating provision such as Section 171(6).
Conclusion: Section 171(6) did not apply to the assessees' pre-1962 assessments, and the Revenue could not recover the reassessed tax personally from the members of the Hindu undivided family under Section 297(2)(d).