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of <h1>Supreme Court validates Assam State Acquisition Act 1951</h1> <h3>Raja Bhairebendra Narayan Bhup Versus The State Of Assam</h3> The Supreme Court upheld the validity and constitutionality of the Assam State Acquisition of Zamindaris Act, 1951, and the Notification issued under it. ... - Issues Involved:1. Competence of the State Legislature in enacting the Assam State Acquisition of Zamindaris Act, 1951.2. Validity of the Notification issued under the Act.3. Infringement of fundamental rights under Article 31(2) and Article 14 of the Constitution.4. Enforceability of the Act and its amendments against the properties in suit.5. Reliefs entitled to the plaintiffs.Detailed Analysis:Re Issue 1: Competence of the State Legislature and Enactment According to LawThe first part of the issue questions the competence of the State Legislature in enacting the Assam State Acquisition of Zamindaris Act, 1951, while the second part questions whether the Act was enacted according to law. The appellant contended that the Bill was introduced without the Governor's sanction, which was required by Section 299(3) of the Government of India Act, 1935. However, it was demonstrated that the Governor had indeed sanctioned the Bill, as evidenced by the initials of Governor Akbar Hydari on the official note.Further, the appellant argued that the Bill lapsed with the repeal of the Government of India Act, 1935, upon the commencement of the Constitution. However, Article 389 of the Constitution allows for the continuation of pending Bills. The Court held that the Bill was pending before the Legislature of Assam immediately before the commencement of the Constitution and thus could be continued in the Legislature of the corresponding State. The Court concluded that the Bill was properly enacted according to law and was within the competence of the State Legislature.Re Issue 2: Validity of the NotificationThe Notification issued under Section 3(1) of the Act declared that the properties specified therein would vest in the State free from all encumbrances. The High Court held that the Notification was valid for Sm. Bedabala Debi's properties but left the question open for the Raja's properties pending the determination of whether they were 'estates' under the Act. The Supreme Court upheld this decision, stating that the final answer would depend on the determination of Issue 4.Re Issue 3: Infringement of Fundamental RightsThe plaintiffs challenged the Act on the grounds that it infringed their fundamental rights under Article 31(2) and Article 14 of the Constitution. However, the Court found that the Act was protected under Article 31-A, which shields laws providing for the acquisition of estates from being questioned on the grounds of contravention of any provisions of Part III of the Constitution. The Act was deemed to be a law for the acquisition of estates, and thus its constitutionality could not be challenged on these grounds.Re Issue 4: Enforceability Against the PropertiesFor Sm. Bedabala Debi, the High Court held that the Act and the Notification were enforceable against her properties. For the Raja, the enforceability depended on whether his properties were 'estates' as defined in the Act, which required further evidence and determination by the lower court.Re Issue 5: Reliefs Entitled to the PlaintiffsThe High Court dismissed Sm. Bedabala Debi's suit with costs and sent the Raja's suit back to the lower court for further determination of Issue 4 and other related issues. The Supreme Court upheld the High Court's decision, dismissing both appeals with costs, and did not find any substantial risk of irreparable loss to the Raja that would warrant reversing the High Court's order denying an injunction.Conclusion:The Supreme Court dismissed both appeals, upholding the validity and constitutionality of the Assam State Acquisition of Zamindaris Act, 1951, and the Notification issued under it. The Court found that the Act was within the competence of the State Legislature, was enacted according to law, and was protected under Article 31-A of the Constitution. The enforceability of the Act against the Raja's properties was left to be determined by the lower court.
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