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of <h1>Interpretation of Indian Evidence Act: Adverse party definition clarified by Supreme Court</h1> <h3>V.M. Mathew Versus V.S. Sharma And Others</h3> The Supreme Court clarified the interpretation of the second proviso to Section 33 of the Indian Evidence Act, emphasizing that the adverse party referred ... - Issues: Interpretation of the second proviso to Section 33 of the Indian Evidence Act.Analysis:The case involved a dispute over the admissibility of evidence under the second proviso to Section 33 of the Indian Evidence Act. The appellant contested the grant of letters of administration based on the genuineness of a will. The High Court vacated the findings of the District Judge and dismissed the appeal on the grounds of non-joinder of necessary parties. The main contention revolved around the interpretation of the second proviso to Section 33 of the Act, specifically regarding the term 'adverse party.' The appellant argued that since he had the right and opportunity to cross-examine the witness in the previous proceeding, the evidence should be admissible. On the other hand, the respondents contended that the adverse party in the first proceeding must have had the right and opportunity to cross-examine the witness for the evidence to be admissible. They relied on previous judgments to support their argument.The Supreme Court analyzed the language and intent of Section 33 of the Act. The main section lays down conditions for the admissibility of a witness's previous statement in a later proceeding. The second proviso acts as an exception, requiring the adverse party in the first proceeding to have had the right and opportunity to cross-examine the witness. The Court clarified that the adverse party referred to in the proviso is the party against whom the evidence was given against their interest in the previous proceeding. The proviso aims to protect the rights of parties who did not have the opportunity to cross-examine the witness. The Court emphasized that the party who produced the witness should not be able to use the evidence in a subsequent proceeding if the adverse party did not have the chance to cross-examine the witness.The Court referred to previous judgments to support its interpretation of the second proviso. It highlighted that the adverse party in the first proceeding should have had the right and opportunity to cross-examine the witness for the evidence to be admissible. The Court rejected the respondents' argument that the adverse party must be a party in the previous proceeding, emphasizing that the focus should be on the right and opportunity to cross-examine. Ultimately, the Court held that the appellant was an adverse party in the first proceeding and had the right and opportunity to cross-examine the witness, making the evidence admissible. The Court allowed the appeal, reversed the High Court's judgment, and directed the trial court to consider the evidence of the witness in accordance with the law.
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