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        1975 (3) TMI 131 - SC - Customs

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        Union Territory executive directions and import quota claims: no vested right arose from the challenged licence or quota refusal. Executive directions to the Administrator of Goa were valid under the Union's power over Union Territories, and the Administrator was bound to comply in ...
                      Cases where this provision is explicitly mentioned in the judgment/order text; may not be exhaustive. To view the complete list of cases mentioning this section, Click here.

                          Union Territory executive directions and import quota claims: no vested right arose from the challenged licence or quota refusal.

                          Executive directions to the Administrator of Goa were valid under the Union's power over Union Territories, and the Administrator was bound to comply in the absence of any conflicting Presidential Regulation. The validating provisions in the Goa, Daman and Diu administration laws did not protect the petitioner's licence, because they were limited to acts done in good faith and did not create any continuing entitlement to future quota benefits. Refusal to grant a quota certificate did not violate Articles 14 or 19(1)(g), as the petitioner was not similarly situated to pre-liberation licence-holders and no vested right to import quota or licence was shown.




                          Issues: (i) Whether the directions issued by the Central Government to the Administrator of Goa were valid under the constitutional scheme governing Union Territories. (ii) Whether the validating provisions in the Goa, Daman and Diu (Administration) Ordinance No. 2 of 1961 and the Goa, Daman and Diu Administration Act No. 1 of 1962 protected the petitioner's licence and supported a right to quota fixation. (iii) Whether refusal to grant quota certificate or to treat the petitioner's case as comparable to other licence-holders violated Articles 14 and 19(1)(g) of the Constitution of India, and whether the writ petition could succeed on the basis of alleged misapplication of the import control policy.

                          Issue (i): Whether the directions issued by the Central Government to the Administrator of Goa were valid under the constitutional scheme governing Union Territories.

                          Analysis: Goa, Daman and Diu had become a Union Territory, and the constitutional provisions governing administration of Union Territories and the Union's executive power were considered together. In the absence of any conflicting Presidential Regulation, the Union could issue executive directions to the Administrator. The Administrator was bound to act in accordance with such directions, and the directions were not shown to be beyond constitutional competence.

                          Conclusion: The directions were valid and binding.

                          Issue (ii): Whether the validating provisions in the Goa, Daman and Diu (Administration) Ordinance No. 2 of 1961 and the Goa, Daman and Diu Administration Act No. 1 of 1962 protected the petitioner's licence and supported a right to quota fixation.

                          Analysis: The validation provisions were confined to acts done in good faith and in the reasonable belief that they were necessary for peace and good government, and operated within a limited temporal field. The licence in question was issued contrary to the directions of the Central Government and was therefore not shown to be protected by the validating provisions. Validation, even if assumed for a past act, did not create a continuing legal entitlement to future quota benefits.

                          Conclusion: The validating provisions did not assist the petitioner.

                          Issue (iii): Whether refusal to grant quota certificate or to treat the petitioner's case as comparable to other licence-holders violated Articles 14 and 19(1)(g) of the Constitution of India, and whether the writ petition could succeed on the basis of alleged misapplication of the import control policy.

                          Analysis: The petitioners were not similarly situated to licence-holders who obtained licences before liberation. The classification between pre-liberation and post-liberation cases had a rational nexus with the import policy, and no discriminatory treatment was shown. A mere erroneous application of the import control regime did not amount to violation of a fundamental right, and no vested right to an import quota or licence existed in the petitioner's favour. The challenge therefore did not disclose an enforceable constitutional grievance under Article 32.

                          Conclusion: There was no violation of Articles 14 or 19(1)(g), and the petition was not maintainable on the asserted grounds.

                          Final Conclusion: The constitutional challenge and the claim to quota certificate both failed, leaving the petitioner without relief.

                          Ratio Decidendi: Executive directions to a Union Territory Administrator are valid under the Union's executive power unless displaced by a Presidential Regulation, and a mistaken or irregular import-control decision does not by itself create a fundamental-right violation or a vested right to future import quota.


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                          ActsIncome Tax
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