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UNDERSTANDING RULE OF READING DOWN

Dr. Sanjiv Agarwal
Reading Down Doctrine Clarified: Pre-Deposit Appeals, Conditional Stays, and Limits on Judicial Rewriting of Statutes The text explains the judicial doctrine of 'reading down' to preserve the constitutionality and workability of statutory provisions. A High Court, relying on earlier precedent, held that while the right of appeal is purely statutory, it cannot be made illusory by onerous pre-deposit conditions; thus, a provision requiring pre-deposit was read down to confer discretion on the appellate authority to grant interim relief with reasons. Similarly, another decision directed that a stay provision be read to allow the revenue to seek vacation of stay after 180 days upon showing delay by the assessee. The Supreme Court affirmed that reading down is a limited tool of harmonious construction, not a license for judicial legislation. (AI Summary)

'A five Judges Bench of this Court in Ranjit Singh Versus State of Haryana and others - 2011 (1) TMI 1604 - PUNJAB AND HARYANA HIGH COURT-LB, examining the condition of pre-deposit in availing right of appeal under the Punjab Village Common Lands (Regulation) Act, 1961, held that while a right of appeal is a pure and simple statutory right yet once such alright has been conferred its applicability cannot be rendered illusory. It was held to the following effect:

21. On a conspectus of the decisions, relied upon by the learned counsel on both sides, it can be concluded that while a right of appeal is a pure and simple statutory right yet once such a right has been conferred its applicability cannot be rendered illusory.'

The Larger Bench in Ranjit Singh v State of Haryana (supra) referred toSUNIL BATRA Versus DELHI ADMINISTRATION - 1978 (8) TMI 228 - Supreme Court noticing the principle of reading down the provision so as to render it constitutional. The Larger Bench read down the provision of Section 13B of the Punjab Village Common Lands (Regulation) Act, 1961 and held to the following effect:

'24. Resultantly, by reading down the provision, it is held that Section 13B of the Act would be read down to incorporate within it the power in appellate authority to grant interim relief in an appropriate case where, the grounds so exist by passing a speaking order, even while normally insistence may be made on pre-deposit of penalty. In adjudicating the whether in a particular case interim relief of stay of a portion or the entire penalty has to be granted, the appellate authority would have to give reasons why it proposes to dispense with the normal procedure of insistence of pre-deposit. Consequently, this writ petition is allowed and the matter is remitted back to the appellate authority to consider the appeal in terms of the law set down above.'

Consequently, the second proviso in sub-section (2A) of Section 35C is ordered to be read down to mean that after 180 days, the Revenue has a right to seek vacation of stay on proof of the fact that the assessee is the one, who is defaulted or taken steps to delay the ultimate decision.

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