Exchange of information enables treaty-based tax information sharing while protecting confidential trade secrets and legal limits.

The Agreement requires competent authorities to exchange information necessary for implementing the treaty and preventing tax evasion, treating such information as secret while permitting disclosure to persons involved in tax assessment, collection, enforcement, investigation or prosecution or to the persons concerned. Exchanges may be routine or on request, with the authorities agreeing periodically on routine information lists. No State is obliged to override its laws or administrative practice, to provide unobtainable information, or to disclose trade or professional secrets or information contrary to public policy.

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