Avoidance of double taxation: treaty allows deduction or credit for foreign tax paid under specified deemed tax rules. The Agreement permits relief from double taxation by allowing India to deduct Singapore tax paid on income taxable in Singapore-limited to the portion of Indian tax attributable to that income-and treats taxes foregone under specified Singapore incentives as 'Singapore tax paid.' Singapore reciprocally allows a credit for Indian tax paid on India-source income, with parallel dividend provisions and deemed-tax rules for specified Indian deductions or exemptions, and allows exempt income to be considered when calculating tax rates.