Tax deduction exclusions broadened for virtual digital assets, immovable property transfers, and notified persons under amended section 397. Section 397 is amended to substitute clause (c) in sub-section (1) and, from 1 October 2026, exclude specified persons and transactions from clause (a). The exclusion applies to persons required to deduct tax under section 393(1), including transactions involving transfer of a virtual digital asset, and to a resident individual or Hindu undivided family required to deduct tax on consideration for transfer of immovable property under section 393(2). It also extends to any person notified by the Central Government.