Deduction for health insurance: tax relief for premiums, preventive check-ups and medical expenses with specified limits. Provides a statutory framework for a deduction from taxable income for payments related to health insurance, preventive health check-ups and medical expenditure by individuals and Hindu undivided families. Aggregate caps limit combined deductions across premiums and medical expenditure, with higher premium ceilings for senior citizens and prorated treatment for lump-sum multi-year premiums. Payment-mode rules allow cash only for preventive check-up claims and require non-cash payment for other deductible items, and qualifying insurers or schemes must be approved.