Short-term capital asset holding period change alters transfer classification and dividend definition expanded for share buybacks. The Bill amends the Income-tax Act definitions: the definition of dividend is widened to include company payments for purchase of its own shares from a shareholder under the Companies Act purchase provision, effective 1 October 2024. The definition of short-term capital asset is changed by reducing the holding-period threshold from thirty-six months to twenty-four months, the first proviso is aligned to that period, specified wording is inserted into the second proviso as it previously stood, and the third proviso is omitted; these changes are retrospective to the stated date in July 2024.