False statements in income-tax verifications trigger graded penalties based on the tax evasion amount and culpable knowledge. Making a false statement in any verification under the Income-tax Act, or delivering a false account or statement, is punishable where the person knows, believes, or does not believe the statement to be true. The punishment depends on the amount of tax that would have been evaded if the statement had been accepted as true. The provision prescribes simple imprisonment with fine or both for higher evasion brackets, and fine only in other cases. The notes record earlier versions and later amendments to the punishment structure and threshold amounts.