Taxation of foreign exchange fluctuation: gains or losses treated as income or loss, computed under income computation and disclosure standards. Any gain or loss arising from changes in foreign exchange rates shall be treated as income or loss, subject to section 43A, and computed in accordance with the income computation and disclosure standards notified under section 145(2). This treatment applies to all foreign currency transactions, including monetary and non monetary items, translation of financial statements of foreign operations, forward exchange contracts, and foreign currency translation reserves, and is given retrospective effect to the beginning of the specified fiscal year.