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<h1>Presumption of Culpable Mental State in GST Act Prosecutions; Accused Must Prove Absence Beyond Reasonable Doubt</h1> In prosecutions under the Uttarakhand Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017, where a culpable mental state is required, the court presumes such a mental state exists in the accused. However, the accused can defend themselves by proving the absence of such a mental state concerning the alleged offence. 'Culpable mental state' encompasses intention, motive, knowledge, and belief. A fact is considered proven only when the court is convinced of its existence beyond a reasonable doubt, not merely by a preponderance of probability.