Place of effective management determines corporate residence; companies are resident if key management and commercial decisions are made in India. A company is resident in India if it is an Indian company or if its place of effective management in that year is in India; 'place of effective management' means the place where key management and commercial decisions necessary for the conduct of the entity's business as a whole are, in substance, made. The amendment replaces the prior 'control and management' test and applies from 1 April 2017.