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<h1>Understanding Section 2 of Companies Act 2013: core definitions shaping company types, governance, capital and regulation</h1> Section 2 of the Companies Act, 2013 sets out key definitions governing company law in India. It defines essential concepts such as company types (private, public, One Person, small, holding, subsidiary, associate, Government company, foreign company), capital structure (authorised, issued, subscribed, paid-up, called-up capital, debentures, deposits), governance (Board, director, independent director, key managerial personnel, manager, managing director, officer in default), financial reporting (accounting and auditing standards, books of account, financial statements, financial year, turnover, net worth, free reserves), and regulatory institutions (Tribunal, Appellate Tribunal, court, Registrar, SEBI, Serious Fraud Investigation Office). It also clarifies related party, promoter, control, voting rights, branch office, documents, remuneration, and winding up, providing the interpretative foundation for the entire Act.