Protection against retrospective penal laws prevents conviction or heavier punishment for acts not illegal when committed. Three core safeguards restrict criminal liability: prohibition of retrospective penal laws preventing conviction or heavier punishment than applicable ... Summary
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Protection against retrospective penal laws prevents conviction or heavier punishment for acts not illegal when committed.
Three core safeguards restrict criminal liability: prohibition of retrospective penal laws preventing conviction or heavier punishment than applicable when the act occurred; the principle of double jeopardy barring prosecution and punishment more than once for the same offence; and the privilege against self-incrimination preventing compulsion of an accused to be a witness against themselves.
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