Ninth Schedule protection preserves specified land, tenancy and nationalisation laws from challenge under constitutional property rights.

The Ninth Schedule is a constitutional list under Article 31B that insulates specified central and state enactments-largely land reform, tenancy, ceiling, acquisition, resettlement and nationalisation statutes-from challenge under certain constitutional provisions; entries include Acts, Amendments and Regulations across jurisdictions, with some items subject to express exceptions, subsequent insertions, omissions and an Explanation limiting validity in the case of a contravention under the Rajasthan Tenancy Act.

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