Relevance of judgments is limited unless their existence is directly in issue or independently material to proceedings.

Section 43 treats judgments, orders and decrees outside sections 40, 41 and 42 as generally irrelevant unless their existence is itself a fact in issue or independently relevant under another provision. Prior findings in disputes involving different parties do not ordinarily establish facts against persons not bound by those proceedings. A decree may be relevant to prove motive, while a previous conviction is relevant where it forms part of the fact in issue or demonstrates motive.

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