Reliable electronic signatures authenticate records only where exclusive control, detectable alterations, and prescribed conditions protect integrity.

Electronic signatures may authenticate electronic records only where the signature or authentication technique is reliable and specified in the Second Schedule. Reliability requires exclusive linkage and control of signature-creation or authentication data, detection of alterations to the signature and authenticated information, and fulfilment of prescribed conditions. The Central Government may prescribe verification procedures and modify the Second Schedule, subject to reliability and parliamentary laying requirements.

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