Import and export controls govern free trade, restricted goods, authorisations, compliance standards, trade documentation, and export realisation requirements.

Imports and exports are free unless ITC (HS) classifies them as prohibited, restricted, or subject to State Trading Enterprises. Imports must comply with applicable domestic standards unless a specified exemption applies. Restricted goods require authorisation or prescribed permission, while authorisations may impose actual-user, export-obligation, value-addition, security, and validity conditions. IEC registration and prescribed trade documents are generally mandatory. Non-compliance may lead to penalties or placement on the Denied Entity List. The policy also regulates second-hand goods, bonded warehousing, merchanting trade, re-export, export proceeds, country- and product-specific prohibitions, certificates of origin, and self-certification for eligible exporters.

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