Inter-connected undertakings definition expanded to encompass ownership, control and group relationships affecting excise liability treatment.

The amendment substitutes a comprehensive definition of inter-connected undertakings into section 4(3)(b) of the Central Excise Act, specifying forms of ownership and control (direct ownership, common partners, corporate management, subsidiary status, same management, group control and transitive connections). It supplies detailed tests for "same management" (including control, shared management personnel, equity and board thresholds, director composition and voting-power commonality), defines "group" and "associated persons", aggregates shareholdings for management determination and excludes financial-institution shareholdings.

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